G. B.  Wiggins, Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera), 2ndnd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996, p. 457.

B. J.  Armitage and Hamilton, S. W., Diagnostic atlas of the North American caddisfly adults. II. Ecnomidae, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, and Xiphocentronidae. Athens, Alabama (Columbus, Ohio): The Caddis Press, 1990, p. 152.