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Trichoptera
Integripalpia
EOL Text
Integripalpia are the most speciose trichopteran suborder with xxx species, according to the Trichoptera World Checklist (Morse, 2010). Integripalpia are common, and cosmopolitan. Larvae construct tubular cases, made from a wide variety of materials, and in a wide variety of architechture. The larva extends its head and legs out the anterior end of the case as it feeds and crawls on the substrate. To increase the size of the case, they simply extend or add to the anterior end with each larval instar, eventually pupating inside the slightly modified larval case. Case-making larvae are primarily detritivores. They feed by shredding and ingesting dead leaves and other plant parts largely of riparian origin. Predation is also common among the case-makers, but herbivory on living plants is less common. Other casemakers feed by scraping the diatoms, other algae, and fine detritus that makes up the periphyton or biofilm. A very few are filterers or snag drifting prey.
Weaver (1984) restricted the concept of Integripalpia to include only the Limnephiloidea of Ross, and this is the sense in which it is used here.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ralph W. Holzenthal, Roger J. Blahnik, Aysha Prather, Karl Kjer, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Integripalpia/14551 |
Synapomorphies of the Integripalpia (from Weaver, 1984)
- Larva with mesonotum completely sclerotized (secondarily reduced in Phryganeidae)
- Female abdominal segment X with pair of dorsolateral appendages
- Female genitalia blunt with abdominal segments X and XI reduced and cerci absent
- Female genitalia without cloaca; vulva, and rectum with separate openings, vulva opening ventrally between abdominal sterna VIII and IX or within sternum IX and rectum opening posteriorly from abdominal sternum IX
- Female without long internal apophyses on abdominal segment VIII and IX
- Larval abdomen segment I with lateral and mid-dorsal humps
- Larva with lateral series of spicules on abdominal segments II-VIII
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ralph W. Holzenthal, Roger J. Blahnik, Aysha Prather, Karl Kjer, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Integripalpia/14551 |
Tree in part from Holzenthal et al. (2007), and the Trichoptera World Checklist (Morse 2010).
The monophyly of Integripalpia has never been seriously questioned. Ross (1956) identified Integripalpia based on a progression of case making behaviors. Weaver (1984), in the first cladistic analysis based on morphology, recovered Integripalpia as monophyletic, as did subsequent morphological analyses (Frania and Wiggins, 1997; Ivanov, 2002). All combined molecular analyses have recovered Integripalpia (Kjer et al., 2001; 2002; Holzenthal et al. 2007), as have partitioned analyses from mitochondrial data (Kjer et al., 2001).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ralph W. Holzenthal, Roger J. Blahnik, Aysha Prather, Karl Kjer, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Integripalpia/14551 |